From the very begining, We all are reading and listening that
"Islam is a Complete Code of life" which means that Islam takes a Comprehensive view of human life and covers all its aspects and Phases, Islam has provided the instructions and Guidelines for every type of Person , in each and every aspect of life. Meanwhile everything in human life and behaviour is inside the folding or Circle of Islam, Nothing is outside or beyond Islam. While on the Other hand there is Christianity which declares:
"Render unto Caesar what is Caesar's and unto christ what is christ's", and thus there politics and religion are two different things also they beleive that church is separate from state, while Islam doesn't believe in the separation between religious room and political life. Hence we can say that there is no Secularism or liberalism in Islam, or rather the Secular or wordly is made a part of the spritual. In other words , Islam takes an integrative view of human life, which it declares to be a preparation for the life hereafter: the life we are living in this world is basically meant for prepairing for the eternal, unending and everlasting life of the next world. So the concept of the state in Islam should therefore be understood on the basis of integrative principles of Islam, and these integrative principles of Islam are:
1. Sovereignity of Allah
Sovereignity of Allah is is one of the most significant and fundamental principle of Islamic concept of the state. Almighty Allah is the Sovereign , because He is Omnipotent , Omniscient , Omni Competent and Omnioresent. This Principle of Sovereignity of Allah doesn't recognise the possibility of dictatorship or absolute monarchy in an Islamic state.
2. Khilafat
The institute of khilafat came into being after the demise of Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him). The Khalifa or caliphate was also known as imam, for combined both religious and political duties of leadership of Muslim Community (Ummah) both in matters of the religion as well as of state.
3. Government by consultation
Mutual Consultation among Muslims is commandment of the Holy Quran and injuction of the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him).
4. Obedience of the Awulal Amr on the Ruler
Injuction of Quran calls upon the Muslims to obey the Awulal Amr or the supereme commander among them.
5. Equality of All Mankind
One of the fundamental doctrine of Islam is the equality of all mankind. No one is superior on the basis of caste, race, language, profession, Colour or Country. Meanwhile Islam removes the concept of distinction and descrimination.
6. Order well and punish wrong
Islam enjoins the state to maintain morality. It asks ruler to order well and to punish the wrong ones.
” امر بالمعروف ونھی عن المنکر “
Quran also orders the muslims to enjoin upon each other to do well and prevent others from commiting wrong.
7. Payment of Zakat
Collection of Zakat is one of the essential functions of the Islamic state. It is also the primary duty of Muslims and also a significant factor to enhance the economy of the state.
After discussing all these integrative principles , one can understand easily that How much beneficial the Islamic principles are to establish a peaceful and prosperous society. This is also the reason why Allama Iqbal focused too much on Islamic thought of government.
